Elath (Tell el-Kheleifeh) reg. no. 2070
Mitchka_Shahryari_DB Idumea 3378; 4507
Metadata
- Genre
-
- Transjordan | Transjordan Region
- Language
- Aramaic
- Script
- Aramaic
- Find Type
- Excavation
- Acquired
- (1) Fritz Frank (2) Nelson Glueck [(1) 1933 (2) 1938-1940]
- Created by
- James D. Moore
- Material
- clay | sherd (for ostracon)
- Updated by
- James D. Moore, 2026-01-18
General Notes
The ostracon appears to be complete as indicated by the right justification of the text along the jagged edge of the sherd and the fact that the lines appear to contain complete names.
The list of names is surprisingly multi-national. CC1 is Egyptian.
Textual Notes
CV1: The M and S are clear and in the IR photographs so too is the ˀ. A name ending in -MSˀ is unknown to me in Aramaic or Phoenician. Compare North Arabian inscriptions in which is found ms¹ˀ (Saf. and Taym.) as well as a number of divine epithets in which a various spellings of ms# = √msˀ "to approach, to reach" are found. One is also tempted to compare the Aramaic name NMSW, where final û/ô of the period may be represented in Phoenician with ˀ. Divito's proposal ˁBDMS◦ is compelling, but would currently be unexplanable from an onomastic point of view.
CV3, note (1) the stroke at the end of the line is the descender of N from the previous line and (2) the stroke at the beginning of the line is the ascender of the L from the proceeding line. The first three letters are not ˁBD as Divito reads, not least of which because the initial ink rises from the L in the next line. What he reads as B is certainly either M or T, the two of which can often be confused in mid-millennium cursive Phoenician. The second letter has two distinct strokes, unlike a D|R. It seems best to be read as either a slightly effaced M or G--paleographically, G is preferred. The best solution is either MGŠLM or TGŠLM. Of them MGŠLM seems the easiest to explain as coming from MGN (mġn) + ŠLM, though compare the Cypriotic name TGNṢ, which is left unexplained (Benz p. 428 of KAI 55).
Text and Translation
Choose alternative texts and translations from the filter. Click individual words in a text for more details.
Robert A. Divito Last updated 18 April, 2025 by James D. Moore
Robert A. Divito Last updated 18 April, 2025 by James D. Moore
⸢ˁbd⸣m⸢s⸣[◦]
ˁbdˀš⸢m⸣n
ˀbšlm
Šlmlḥy
Š⸢m⸣rbˁl
Psˀ
Knšy
Bd⸢ḥ⸣rn
Moore, James D.. 'Elath (Tell el-Kheleifeh) reg. no. 2070.' DEAPS. 17 Dec, 2025. https://deaps.osu.edu/text_objects/14704. Accessed: 21 Jan, 2026.