DEAPS
Digital Editions of Aramaic and Phoenician Sources
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KAI 218

Metadata

Language
Aramaic
Script
Aramaic
Updated by
Cody Beasley, 2026-06-28
General Notes
This inscription, which mentions Bar-Rākib son of Panamuwa II and therefore dates to 733/2-727 BCE based on the reference to Tiglath-pileser III, was found during the five seasons of excavation at the site of ancient Sam’al undertaken from 1888-1902 by a team of researchers commissioned by the German Orient-Comité and the Berlin Museum. Carved in relief on dolerite, the inscription measures over 1 meter tall. The majority of the orthostat is taken up by a rendering of the king, sitting on a throne, with an official standing in front of him. The crescent moon symbol, elsewhere a reference to the god Baʕal-Ḥarrān, interrupts the text of the inscription at the top.

Donner, Herbert, and Wolfgang Röllig. Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften. 5th ed. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2002.
References: No. 218
Donner, Herbert, and Wolfgang Röllig, eds. Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften. 5., erw. Und überarbeitete Aufl. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1971.
References: 218.
Dupont-Sommer, André. Les Araméens. L’Orient ancien illustré 2. Paris: Dépôt: A. Maisonneuve, 1949.
References: 108-110
Halévy, J. “Un Bas-Relief a Inscription Araméenne de Barrekoub.” Revue Sémitique d’épigraphie et d’histoire Ancienne 3 (1895): 392–95. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044083797159?urlappend=%3Bseq=9.
References: 392
Königliche Museen zu Berlin, ed. Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli. v. 2: Ausgrabungsbericht Und Architektur. Vol. 2. 5 vols. Mittheilungen Aus Den Orientalischen Sammlungen, 1898. https://commons.library.stonybrook.edu/amar/353.
References: 162ff
Königliche Museen zu Berlin. Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli.  IV. Reprint 2013. Vol. 4. 5 vols. Mittheilungen aus den orientalischen Sammlungen 14. Berlin ; De Gruyter, 1911. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110286649.
References: 345-349
Lidzbarski, Mark. Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik : nebst ausgewählten Inschriften. Weimar : E. Felber, 1898. http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ejZbAAAAQAAJ.
References: 444 (Taf. XXIV)
Sachau, Eduard. “Baal-Ḥarrān in Einer Altaramäischen Inschrift Auf Einem Relief Des Königlichen Museums Zu Berlin.” Sitzungsberichte Der Königlich Preussischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften Zu Berlin., 1895, 119–23. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008891302.
References: 119ff

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Text and Translation

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Donner and Röllig Last updated 28 April, 2026 by James D. Moore

side: 1 line: 01

Donner and Röllig Last updated 28 April, 2026 by James D. Moore

1 Mein Herr, der Baʿal-Ḫarrān. Ich bin Barrākib, der Sohn des Panammu[wa].
Moore, James D., Cody Beasley. 'KAI 218.' DEAPS. 12 Dec, 2025. https://deaps.osu.edu/text_objects/11658. Accessed: 30 Jun, 2026.