Albright, W. F. “More Books and Journals Received from Abroad.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 1946, 14–18. https://doi.org/10.2307/1354779.
KAI 007
Gibson 3:09
Metadata
- Collection
- Beirut Archaeological Museum (= National Museum of Beirut) (Public)
- Keywords
-
- Inscription | Dedicatory
- Inscription | Royal
- Inscription | Votive
- Language
- Phoenician / Punic
- Script
- Phoenician
- Find Type
- Excavation
- Material
- Stone
- Updated by
- James D. Moore, 2026-06-28
- Date (Paleographic)
- Gregorian -900 to -880
General Notes
The Šipiṭbaˁal inscription was discovered in 1945 and published by Dunand. It was found near a wall associated with the areas of the acropolis housing the temples of Hathor and Hershef. The block with the inscription appears to have been part of the upper course of a retaining wall which reinforced a well that served the area (Dunand 1945, 147). This wall seems to be the one to which Šipiṭbaˁal refers in the inscription, as it is much later than the temple walls themselves, which date back to the 3rd millenium B.C.E (Gibson 1982, 23). This is one of five royal inscriptions from an old period at Byblos, around the tenth century B.C.E. See the notes to 11441 for further information. The inscription now rests in the National Museum in Beirut.
Albright, W. F. “The Phoenician Inscriptions of the Tenth Century B. C. from Byblus.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 67, no. 3 (1947): 153–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/596081.
Bange, Ludger A. A Study of the Use of Vowel-Letters in Alphabetic Consonantal Writing. München: Verl. UNI-Druck, 1971.
Donner, Herbert, and Wolfgang Röllig, eds. Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften. 5., erw. Und überarbeitete Aufl. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1971.
Dunand, Maurice. Byblia grammata: Documents et recherches sur le développement de l’écriture en Phénicie. Beirut: Ministère de l’Education Nationale et des Beaux-arts, 1945.
Magnanini, Pietro. Le iscrizioni fenicie dell’Oriente: Testi, traduzioni, glossari. Rome: Centro di Studi Semitici, Istituto di Studi del Vicino Oriente, 1973.
Image
Textual Notes
1 - זבני𐤟 : Z- is a proclitic relative pronoun found only in archaic Byblian royal inscriptions (Krahmalkov 2000, 166). 3 - ביחמלכ𐤟 : This BYḤMLK is an assimilation of -N from BN YḤMLK, which occurs in Old Byblian, but not before a laryngeal, such as in BN ˀḤRM in 11441 or BN ˀLBˁL in 11447 (Gibson 1982, 12, 22). 3-5: Compare these lines to those in the inscriptions of Yeḥimilk (11444), ˀAbibaˁal (11445), and ˀElibaˁal (11446). Each includes the petition to extend the days and the years of the king over Byblos, though this is significantly reconstructed in 11445.
Text and Translation
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John C.L. Gibson Last updated 26 April, 2026 by James D. Moore
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John C.L. Gibson Last updated 26 April, 2026 by James D. Moore
Wall which Shipitbaal king of
Byblos, son of Elibaal king of Byblos,
son of Yehimilk king of Byblos (re-)built for the Mistress of
Byblos, his lady. May the Mistress of Byblos prolong
the days and years of Shipitbaal over Byblos!
Moore, James D., Cody Beasley. 'KAI 007.' DEAPS. 04 Feb, 2026. https://deaps.osu.edu/text_objects/11447. Accessed: 01 Jul, 2026.